I was just running the Thursday Hills when one of my fellow runners, Geoff from Sports Science, mentioned that the following week, the Sports Science talk would actually involve marine science. Maybe I was interested? It involved diving seals. It sounded interesting so I said I'd mail him to remind him to give me the details. And I turned out to be available that day.
On the day I biked to Normal Site, an obscure part of the university between Ocean Sciences and main campus. Apparently, that is where sports science is. I got to the correct building, and to my surprise, my key card gave access to it. I quickly found Geoff, the seminar organiser, and Josh, one of the speakers, who had also been in the previous night’s race.
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Geoff introducing the first speaker |
The first speaker, the one who was talking about seals, spoke online from St Andrews. He talked of the relationship between heart rate, blood oxygen saturation, and suchlike, in diving creatures. His facility had a license for capturing seals, involving them in their research for a while, and then releasing them back into the wild. So they sometimes had seals do some swimming underwater with a sensor on their heads that would measure the parameters they were interested in. And he did say something about that they can just turn their heart rate down to as low as 3 bpm if they anticipate that they will be underwater for a while.
He also mentioned that it is a lot of faff to have to catch a wild seal, anaesthetise it so you can fit it with instrumentation, and then have it dive around in your pool for a while. It was a lot easier to work with humans. You can just politely ask if they are willing to have instrumentation on their heads, and then do a dive. And humans are pretty rubbish divers in comparison to seals, but they could work with that.
He had also done research on people with a freediving habit, such as some Korean women who dive for mollusks and suchlike. Their physiology seem to be amazing.
I was wondering a bit how talented seals are in guessing how long their next dive is going to be. If you misjudged it, you can get into trouble. But then he also showed the graph of the diving behaviour of an elephant seal over a few days, and there was a very clear pattern in that. It really looked like these marine mammals know, and plan, what they're doing. I still wondered, though, if you could take advantage of it. If you see a seal do shallow dives, and you are a clever predator, you might be able to disrupt its surfacing, and know that they would be in distress pretty quickly because their heart rate is too high.
The next speaker was Josh, talking about chimpanzees. He was interested in cardiovascular disease, and chimpanzees just don't get that. It doesn't matter how old they get. And he said that if you have a captive chimpanzee and you give it junk food, they still don't get the diseases we get. I'm not sure how anyone would get ethical clearance for this, but it might have been an experiment done decades ago.
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Josh with his research questions |
He showed us the heartbeat pattern of a healthy chimp, and that of a healthy human. It was indeed quite different! He said that the chimps’ pattern looks like that of a human in heat stress, or just after exercising. And he said it doesn't respond much to changes in temperature or activity levels and things like that. And it seems that our circulation seems to be tailored to excellent heat regulation. We seem to do that a lot better than chimpanzees! But that comes with the problem that we don't seem to have the robustness that they have. But I suppose that means the chimp has to stay in the forest. They might need the shadow!
He also said that chimpanzees still live in the habitat they evolved for. We don't. We evolved for being on the move. Where chimpanzees and humans started to separately descend from our common ancestor, savannahs had just come into fashion, and the chimps weren't interested, but the humans went there, and started to chase after prey. And that's tiring! So we learned to conserve energy. But now we get our food from the supermarket, which we may very well drive too, and we still want to conserve energy. And that goes wrong. And because we know spent most of our time indoors, we don't really need that thermal regulation so much anymore. But we have it, with all its drawbacks.
He had not only studied chimpanzee; like the previous speaker, he had also studied humans. And he was interested in subsistence farmers, because although they are not hunter-gatherers anymore, they are still quite close to but we are humans are supposed to be. And he was measuring things such as their activity levels and blood pressure overtime. And he compared that to people from a subsistence farming background who had fairly recently (In the last decades) moved into cities, and to people of European descent (the research had been known in Mexico) who had been living in cities for generations. No prizes for guessing who had the best cardiovascular health.
I found it quite funny that this guy is clearly quite an enthusiastic runner. He stays close to his roots! He might not frequent the African savannah, but he stays on the move. He knows what's good for him!
At the end of the talk we chatted a bit more. Some of it about running! He and Geoff were going to do a fell race the next day, and do the first Tuesday Night Fell Race the week after. But then it was time to leave. I took home some of the leftover brownies; there hadn’t been much of a turnout, so there were many of them. In spite of both Ocean Sciences and Natural Sciences having been invited! And then I got onto my bike. I had plenty to think about. I love sometimes going to seminars that have nothing to do with my own field of expertise. You always learn something new!